ORGANIC REACTIONS IN HIGHTEMPERATURE WATER (HTW) WERE INTRODUCED BECAUSE OF A DESIRE FOR CLEANER, SAFER, AND MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN CHEMICAL PROCESSES. HIGHTEMPERATURE WATER HAS PROPERTIES VERY DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF AMBIENT LIQUID WATER SUCH AS RELATIVELY HIGH SOLUBILITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, LOWER DIELECTRICCONSTANT, AND FEWER AND LESS PERSISTENT HYDROGEN BONDS. ...

Drinking induced sweating is now a well known fact, but the effect of drinking water temperature on this response has not yet been studied. This constitutes the objective of the present study. After 4 hr of water deprivation, six healthy male medical students (23.7±0.6yr old, 80.7±5.7kg wt, and 181±2cm height) performed a mild exercise for 2 hr at an ambient temperature of 38-40°C and relative humidity of less than 30%. This procedure resulted in dehydration (24.3±1.2ml /kg water loss) via activations of sweating and over ventilation. Then, they were allowed to drink water with temperatures of 5, 16, 26, and 58°C in four sessions of study on separate days. Serum sodium was measured to estimate plasma osmolarity before and after heat exposure. Sweating rate was measured by weighing sweats collected from forehead area within 3 min periods, one before and the rest after drinking, up to the 18th min flowingly. Mean serum sodium concentration increased from baseline value of 144.9±0.5meq/l to 148.4±0.6meq/l following dehydration process (p<0.001). Sweating increased markedly just after drinking (p<0.01) being greater in water temperatures of 5, 58, 16 and 26°C accordingly. These results suggest that activation of oropharyngeal thermo receptors has a role to play in drinking-induced sweating and brings about a greater sweating response in 5°C and 58°C as compared to that of 16°C and 26°C.

THE FUTURE HYDROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF CLOSED BASINS DEPENDS VERY STRONGLY ON WATER EVAPORATION AND MINERAL PRECIPITATION FROM THESE BASINS. ONE OF THE INTRIGUING PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLOSED NATURAL BASINS IS TO WHAT DEGREE THEY CAN BE EVAPORATED UNDER EXISTING NATURAL CONDITIONS. ALL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES, INCLUDING SOLUBILITY OR DEPOSITION OF DIFFERENT SALTS, ARE KNOWN TO BE DETERMINED BY MEDIA'S IONIC COMPOSITION, THE THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLE ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS REMAINS ONE OF THE OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY. THE SOLUBILITIES OF SOLUTES IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS CAN BE CALCULATED PROVIDED THAT EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS ARE KNOWN AND ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS CAN BE THEORETICALLY COUNTED.THEREFORE, THE PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS ALLOWS THE APPLICATION OF NEW PHYSICO-CHEMICAL APPROACHES EITHER TO THE EXPLANATION OR TO THE PREDICTION OF GEOCHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL BASINS UNDER VARIOUS CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.